Timeline of early events in National Socialism

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This Early NSDAP Timeline from 2005 tracks the development of National Socialism from its origins to Hitler's takeover of state leading powers.

The timeline is color coded. Key events of the Weimar republic and its pre-history is in black. Events solely pertaining to Adolf Hitler are in red. Events of Austrian National Socialism are in blue. Events of the actual German Workers's Party and NSDAP are in brown. Other events that have a bearing to the rise of German National Socialism and events that put into context German National Socialism are bolded.

See also Weimar Timeline

Pre-History of National Socialism

  • 1896 The Czech National Socialist Party is formed.
  • 1897 Franko Stein moves a small periodical Der Hammer from Vienna to Eger.
  • May 1898 Maurice Barrès, while standing as a nationalist candidate for Nancy, France, coins the term "Socialist Nationalism".
  • 1898 German Workers Congress organized by Stein in Eger(Cheb).
  • Apr 1902 Organization of Nationalistic Labor took place in Saaz.
  • Nov 15, 1903 Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in Österreich formed. (DAP)
  • 1904 Hans Knirsch proposes to add "National Socialist" to the Austrian DAP name; rejected by party congress confrees.
  • 1909 "All-Austrian" congress of the German Workers' Party held in Prague.
  • Aug 1, 1914 World War I breaks out.
  • Aug 2, 1914 Adolf Hitler receives permission to enlist; joins the 16th Reserve Infantry Regiment in Munich
  • Oct 30, 1914 Adolf Hitler transferred to regimental staff as runner.
  • Nov 1, 1914 Adolf Hitler promoted to Gefreiter (Private E-2/Lance Corporal).

1918

  • Mar 7, 1918 Anton Dexler organized a branch of German Workers' Peace in Munich.
  • Apr 1918 Motion to add "National Socialist" to DAP defeated by vote of 29-14 in Aussig.
  • May 1918 Large DAP Congress in Vienna finally adopts the name German National Socialist Workers' Party DNSAP.
  • Jul 17, 1918 Adolf Hitler saves life of 9th Company Commander
  • Aug 4, 1918 Adolf Hitler awarded Iron Cross 1st Class.
  • Oct 13, 1918 Adolf Hitler gassed near Ypres.
  • Nov 7, 1918 100,000 march on the Royal House of Wittelsbach. Kaiser Wilhelm flees.
  • Nov 8, 1918 All 22 of Germanys lesser kings, princes, grand dukes, and ruling dukes had been desposed.
  • " " Kaiser Wilhelm told to abdicate.
  • " " Kurt Eisner, a subversive Jewish communist, overthrows the government of Bavaria, declaring himself premier of the "Soviet Republic of Bavaria".
  • Nov 9, 1918 Emil Eichhorn, red subversive of the Independent Socialists, led an armed mob; seized the HQ of Berlin
  • " " Kaiser Wilhelm consents to abdicate.
  • " " Social Democrats demand government from Prince Max.
  • " " Friedrich Ebert assumes the chancellery.
  • " " First German Republic established.
  • Nov 11, 1918 First World War ended.
  • Nov 19, 1918 Hitler discharged from hospital at Pasewalk.
  • Mid Dec, 1918 First Freikorps unit formed; Maercker Volunteer Rifles.

1919

  • Jan 1919 Independent Socialists & Sparticus league staged large protests. Large sections of Berlin seized.
  • " " German Workers' Peace party renamed German Workers Party.
  • Jan 10, 1919 Battle of Berlin begins; Counter-revolution with Freikorps taking crucial role.
  • Jan 13, 1919 Battle of Berlin finished.
  • " " German Gov. moved to the city of Weimar.
  • Mar 3, 1919 2nd Battle for Berlin; Communists seize Berlin;
  • " " Gustav Noske appointed dictator of Germany.
  • Mar 7, 1919 Communist Strike Committee withdraws proclamation and makes peace overtures to government.
  • Mar 10, 1919 Gustav Noske orders Peoples' Naval Division disbanded. Battle for Berlin over.
  • Mar 1919 Adolf Hitler finishes job of guarding Russian prisoners.
  • Apr 14, 1919 Freikorps suppress communists in Dresden.
  • Apr 18, 1919 Freikorps suppress communists in Brunswick.
  • " " Battle of the Bavarian governments at Dachau. Communists defeat republican forces.
  • Apr 27, 1919 Battle for Munich between Communists and Freikorps units.
  • May 2, 1919 City of Munich taken; not declared secure until May 6th; aprox. 1200 Reds slaughtered.
  • May 10, 1919 Freikorps suppress communists in Leipzig.
  • Jun 22, 1919 German Reichstag ratify the Versailles Treaty.
  • Jun 28, 1919 Versailles Treaty signed in the Hall of Mirrors.

Weimar Republic

  • Aug 11, 1919 The Weimar Constitution is announced.
  • Sep 11, 1919 Adolf Hitler sent as Vertrauensmann to infiltrate the German Worker's Party (DAP).

1920

  • Jan 1920 The DAP grew to 190 members.
  • Feb 20, 1920 DAP changes name to National Socialist German Workers' Party.
  • Feb 1920 Inter-Allied Control Commission order 2/3 of Freikorps disbanded.
  • Feb 24, 1920 First public meeting of the NSDAP.
  • Mar 13-17, 1920 Kapp Putsch
  • Mar 31, 1920 Adolf Hitler mustered out of the military.
  • Apr 3, 1920 21 different Freikorps units, under the command of General Baron Oskar von Watter, annihilate the Ruhr Red uprising in five days; thousands killed.
  • Apr 1920 Gov stops paying Freikorps units.
  • May 10, 1920 Dr. Joseph Wirth and Walter Rathenau announce their "Policy of Fulfillment"; not received well by nationalist groups.
  • Aug 11, 1920 National Disarmament Law takes effect; disbanded civil guards
  • Dec 17, 1920 NSDAP buys its first paper, the Voelkischer Beobachter.
  • Dec 1920 NSDAP total party membership comes to 2000.

1921

  • May 3, 1921 Polish forces under Wojciech Korfantry invade Upper Silesia.
  • May 5, 1921 London Ultimatum which set the total sum of the war indemnity at 132 billion marks.
  • May 10, 1921 Konstantin Gehrenbach (Center) leaves office
  • May 23, 1921 German Freikorp smash Polish forces at St. Annaberg.
  • May 24, 1921 Under Allied pressure, all Freikorps units outlawed.
  • Jul 11, 1921 Adolf Hitler resigns from the party to force the hand of Anton Drexler not to unite with the DSP.
  • Jul 25, 1921 Adolf Hitler rejoins the party.
  • July 29, 1921 Adolf Hitler assumes leadership of the NSDAP. He becomes "Der Fuehrer".
  • Sep 14, 1921 Hitler and SA disrupt speech by Otto Ballestedt of the Bayernbund; beaten badly; Hitler with others arrested.

1922

  • Jan 12, 1922 Adolf Hitler sentenced to three months.
  • Jun 24, 1922 Hitler Incarcerated.
  • " " Walter Rathenau assassinated.
  • " " Reichsmark was 272 to 1 American dollar
  • Jul 27, 1922 Hitler released.
  • Jul 1922 670 RM = 1 USD
  • Aug 1922 2,000 RM = 1 USD
  • Oct 27, 1922 Benito Mussolini and Fascists come to government in Italy.
  • Oct 1922 45,000 RM = 1 USD
  • Nov 22, 1922 Dr. Wirth leaves office
  • Nov 1922 10,000 RM = 1 USD
  • Dec 27, 1922 France occupies the Ruhr.
  • Dec 30, 1922 500,000 RM = 1 USD

1923

  • Feb 1923 Reichsbank buys back RM; stabilizes RM at 20,000 to 1 USD
  • May 4, 1923 RM 40,000 = 1 USD
  • May 27, 1923 Albert Leo Schlageter, a German freebooter and saboteur was executed by a French firing squad in the Ruhr. Hitler declared him a hero that the German people was not worthy to possess.
  • Jun 1, 1923 RM 70,000-1 USD
  • Jun 30, 1923 RM 150,000-1USD
  • Aug 1-7, 1923 RM 3,500,000-1USD
  • Aug 13, 1923 Dr. Wilhelm Cuno (No party affliation) Leaves office
  • Aug 15, 1923 RM 4,000,000-1USD
  • Sep 1, 1923 RM 10,000,000-1USD
  • Sep 24, 1923 Chancellor Stresemann ends the passive resistance in the Ruhr; infuriates the nationalists.
  • Sep 30, 1923 Major Fedor von Bock crushes a coup attempt by the Black Reichswehr.
  • " " RM 60,000,000-1USD
  • Oct 6, 1923 Dr. Gustav Stresemann (People�s) forms 2nd cabinet
  • Oct 20, 1923 General Alfred Mueller marched on Saxony to prevent a communist takeover.
  • " " General Otto von Lossow in Bavaria is relieved of command by Berlin; he refuses.
  • Oct 23, 1923 Communist takeover of Hamburg
  • Oct 25, 1923 Hamburg uprising suppressed
  • Nov 8, 1923 Beer Hall Putsch
  • Nov 9, 1923 Beer Hall Putsch quelled.

1924

  • Dec 20, 1924 Hitler released from the Landsberg Prison.

1925

  • Jan 4. 1925 Hitler begins his political comeback by meeting with new ministers and President of Bavaria.
  • Feb 27, 1925 National socialist party refounded.
  • " " Hitler gives his first speech since release from prison.
  • Jul 1925 French and Belgium troops evacuate the Ruhr completely.
  • Nov 22, 1925 Strasser wing of National socialist party goes into rebellion.

1927

  • May 1927 Hitler speaking ban lifted in Bavaria.

1928

1929

  • Oct 16, 1929 Liberty Law campaign officially begins. The National socialist Party joins a coalition of conservative groups under Hugenberg's leadership to oppose the Young Plan.
  • Dec 22, 1929 The Liberty Law referendum is defeated. Hitler denounces Hugenberg's leadership.

1930

  • Aug 1930 SA commander in Berlin Walter Stennes calls for SA general strike against National socialist Party.
  • Sep 14, 1930 Reichstag elections; gains by National socialist Party.
  • Sep 1930 Hitler at trial of 3 SA Lieutenants disavows the SA goals of replacing the army and hence appeases the army.

1931

  • May 11, 1931 Austrian Kreditanstalt collapses
  • May 1931 Four million unemployed in Germany.
  • Jun 20, 1931 Herbert Hoover puts moratorium on reparations.
  • Jul 13, 1931 German bank crisis.
  • Oct 11, 1931 Harzburg Front formed of coalition between DNVP, Stahlhelmbund, and NSDAP

1932

  • Apr 10, 1932 Von Hindenburg reelected to Reichspresident.
  • May 30, 1932 Henrich Bruening (Center) leaves office.
  • Jun 1, 1932 Franz von Papen cabinet
  • Jun 16-Jul 9 Lausanne conference
  • Jul 20, 1932 Von Papen dissolves Prussian government.
  • Jul 31, 1932 Reichstag elections where National socialist party becomes the largest party.
  • Nov 6, 1932 Reichstag elections; national socialist's lose votes.
  • Nov 17, 1932 Franz von Papen (Center)leaves office
  • Dec 3, 1932 Kurt von Schleicher cabinet

1933

  • Jan 28, 1933 Kurt von Schleicher (no party affliation) leaves office
  • Jan 30, 1933 Hitler cabinet.
  • Mar 12, 1933 The American Jewish Congress announced a massive protest at Madison Square Gardens for March 27 to establish "an international boycott of its (Germany's) trade, its finances, and its industry".#
  • Mar 23, 1933 Adolf Hitler establishes National socialist state.

1934

References

  • Why Hitler, The Genesis of the National socialist Reich, Samuel W. Mitcham, Jr. Praeger, Westport, CT, 1996. pg 28.
  • The Logic of Evil, The Social Origins of the National socialist Party, 1925-1933, William Brustein, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. 1996. pp 191-193.
  • prehistory of National socialism for Austrian-Hungarian period, Eastern Europe area:
    • Liberty or Equality, Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Christendom Press, Front Royal, Virginia, 1993. pp 253-260
    • Leftism Revisited, Von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Regnery Gateway, Washington, D.C., 1990. pp 145-149.
  • prehistory of National socialism for Western European area:
    • "Fascist Ideology", Zeev Sternhell, in Fascism, A Reader's Guide, Analyses, Interpretations, Bibliography, edited by Walter Laqueur, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1976.


Attribution

See also

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