Vienna
| Vienna Wien |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||||
|
|||||
  Vienna |
|||||
| Coordinates: 48°12′32″N 16°22′21″E / 48.20889°N 16.3725°E | |||||
| Country | Austria | ||||
| State | Wien | ||||
| Government | |||||
| - Bürgermeister | Michael Häupl (SPÖ) | ||||
| - Vizebürgermeisterin | Maria Vassilakou (Die Grünen) | ||||
| Area | |||||
| - City | 414.89 km2 (160.2 sq mi) | ||||
| - Land | 395.50 km2 (152.7 sq mi) | ||||
| - Water | 19.39 km2 (7.5 sq mi) | ||||
| Elevation | 151(Lobau) – 542(Hermannskogel) m (495–1,778 ft) | ||||
| Population (2010) | |||||
| - City | 1,712,903 | ||||
| - Density | 4,128.6/km2 (10,693/sq mi) | ||||
| - Urban | 1,983,836 | ||||
| - Metro | ca. 2,419,000 | ||||
| Statistik Austria,[1] VCÖ – Mobilität mit Zukunft[2] | |||||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||||
| Website | www.wien.at | ||||
Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]) is the capital as well as one of the nine states of the Republic of Austria. Vienna has a population of 1,765,649[3] (2.3 million including the outer metropolitan area), and is by far the largest city in Austria as well as its cultural, economic and political centre. It lies in the very east of Austria and is close to the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary.
Contents
History
Romans
The Romans created an important fortified military camp (occupied by Legio X Gemina) called Vindobona (thought to be a name of Celtic origins) in 14AD.[4] Today's city centre stands on this site. Even today, the streets of the First District show where the fortress placed its walls and moats. The Emperor Marcus Aurelius died here in 180AD. The settlement was raised to the status of a municipium in 212 and became the seat of the Roman civil and military government and continued to flourish until the invasion of the Avars about 588, after which Roman Vindobon disappears from history. In 791 Karl der Große conquered the Avars and ancient tracts refer to this area as a borderland of his territories.[5].
Middle Ages
From the time of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II (r.973-983) the Eastern Mark (Austria) was held by Babenburgers, who exchanged their title of Margraf, or Count of the Mark, for that of Duke in the reign of Emperor Frederick 'Barbarossa'. The first formal mention of Vienna occurs in a charter of 1030. In 1137 it is spoken of as Viennensis Locus; and in 1156 it became the residence of of Duke Heinrich Jasomirgott. During the Crusades Vienna increased so rapidly, owing to the traffic flowing through it, that when the Babenbugers became extinct, and King Ottokar of Bohemia occupied the territory (1251-1276) new fortifications were erected which were probably those which formed the boundary of the inner city down to 1857. Ottokar was defeated by Rudolf von Habsburg in 1276 and Vienna became the seat of his family dynasty. In 1365 Duke Rudolf IV founded the university, and in 1480 Vienna became the seat of a Bishop (after 1723 and Archbishop).[6].
Vienna eventually grew to become the de facto capital of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in 1437. In 1515 the Emperor Maximilian I entertained Wladislav II, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and Sigismund I, King of Poland, at Vienna, and on that occasion concluded the marriages of his children, through which Bohemia, Moravia, and Hungary fell to the Austria.[7]. In 1529 and 17th centuries Christian forces twice stopped armies of the Ottoman Empire outside Vienna: in the 1529 Siege of Vienna, and the 1683 Battle of Vienna.
Vienna became a cultural centre for arts and science, music and fine cuisine.
World War II
The the final month of WWII, Goebbels recorded on 8 April 1945:
- "The situation at the front has never been so bad. We have to all intents and purposes lost Vienna. The enemy has penetrated deep into Konigsberg. The Anglo-Americans are not far from Braunschweig and Bremen. In short, on the map the Reich looks like a small strip running from Norway to Lake Comacchio. We have lost the most important areas of food supply and arms potential. The Führer must now launch our offensive in Thuringia as quickly as possible to give us room to breathe. In any case, with the potential available to us, we shall not be able to breathe much longer."[8]
People from Vienna
- Falco (Johann "Hans" Hölzel; 1957–1998), pop musician
- Gordon Max "Mac" Gollob (1912–1987), General der Flieger
- Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels (1874–1954), occultist, former Cistercian monk and founder of the Ariosophy movement
- Guido von List (1848–1919), occultist of the völkisch movement
- Otto Skorzeny (1908–1975), officer of the Waffen-SS in WWII
- Karl Maria Wiligut (1866–1946), occultist
Roman German Emperors
- Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (1557–1619)
- Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (1678–1711)
- Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (1747–1792)
- Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (1768–1835)
See also
References
- ↑ STATISTIK AUSTRIA – Bevölkerung zu Quartalsbeginn seit 2002 nach Bundesland. Statistik.at (20 October 2010). Retrieved on 19 January 2011.
- ↑ VCÖ.at: VCÖ fordert Nahverkehrsoffensive gegen Verkehrskollaps in den Städten. vcoe.at (2008). Retrieved on 5 August 2009.
- ↑ https://population-hub.com/en/at/population-of-vienna-9405.html
- ↑ Baedeker, Karl, Austria-Hungary, 10th revised edition, Leipzig & London, 1905, p.12.
- ↑ Baedeker, 1905, p.12.
- ↑ Baedeker, 1905, p.12.
- ↑ Baedeker, 1905, p.12-13.
- ↑ Professor Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Goebbels Diaries - The Last Days, Secker & Warburg, London, 1978, p. 323, ISBN: 0-436-17966-0
