Chile

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 Chile

Chile is a country in South America. It was formerly part of the Spanish Empire. The projected population of Chile in 2026 is approximately 19.95 million to 20.15 million people. The population is experiencing slow growth, with a growth rate of about 0.43% to 0.48% annually, and it is expected to reach over 20 million by mid-2026 before peaking in the 2030s.

History

Moon Valley

Languages

The Spanish spoken in Chile is distinctively accented and quite unlike that of neighbouring South American countries because final syllables and "s" sounds are dropped, and some consonants have a soft pronunciation German is spoken to a great extent in southern Chile,[1] either in small country side pockets or as a second language among the communities of larger cities.

Through initiatives such as the English Opens Doors program, the government made English mandatory for students in fifth-grade and above in public schools. Most private schools in Chile start teaching English from kindergarten.[2] Common English words have been absorbed and appropriated into everyday Spanish speech.[3]

Economy of Chile

The economy of Chile is ranked as an upper income economy by the World Bank,[4] and is one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations,[5] leading Latin American nations in human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption.[6]

Ethnic structure

Chile, the 2008 world champion polo team, with President Michelle Bachelet

In 2011, Chile had an estimated population of 17,500,000, of which approximately 9.1 million or 52.7% are of European descent, with Mestizos estimated at 44%.[7] Other studies found a white majority measured at 64% to 90% of the Chilean population.[8][9][10][11] Chile's various waves of immigrants consisted Spanish, Italians, Irish, French, Greeks, Germans, English, Scots, Croats, and Palestinian arrivals.

European and, to a lesser extent, Middle Eastern emigration to Chile, chiefly during the second half of the 19th century and throughout the twentieth, was the most important in Latin America after emigrations to the Atlantic Coast of the Southern Cone (that is, to Argentina and southern Brazil).[12][13][14]

Immigration

Chileans of European descent
Chilean family of German ancestry

The largest contingent of people to have arrived in post-independence Chile came from Spain and the Basque country, a region divided between northern Spain and southern France. Estimates of the number Chileans who can trace at least some descent from Basques range from 10% (1,600,000) to as high as 27% (4,500,000).[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Chile's various waves of non-Spanish immigrants include Italians, Irish, French, Greeks, Germans, English, Scots, Croats, and Poles.

In 1848, an important and substantial German immigration took place, laying the foundation for the German-Chilean community.[23][24] Sponsored by the Chilean government for the colonization of the southern region, the Germans (including German-speaking Swiss, Silesians, Alsatians and Austrians), strongly influenced the cultural and racial composition of the southern provinces of Chile. It is difficult to count the number of descendants of Germans in Chile, given the great amount of time. Because many areas of southern Chile were sparsely populated, the traces of German immigration that are quite noticeable. But the Consulate of Chile in Germany estimated that between 500,000 to 600,000 Chileans of German descent.[25]

Other historically significant immigrant groups included Croats, whose descendants today are estimated at 380,000 persons, or 2.4% of the Chilean population[26][27] Some authors claim that close to 4.6% of the Chilean population must have some Croatian ancestry.[28] Over 700,000 Chileans (4.5% of the Chilean population) may have British (English, Scottish or Welsh) forebears.[29] Chileans of Greek descent are estimated to number between 90,000 and 120,000;[30] most live in or near either Santiago or Antofagasta, and Chile is one of the five countries in the world most populated with descendants of Greeks.[31] The descendants of Swiss immigrants add 90,000,[32] and it is estimated that about 5% of the Chilean population has some French ancestry.[33] Between 600.000 to 800.000 Chileans descend from Italian immigrants. Other groups of Europeans have followed but are found in smaller numbers, as the descendants of Austrians[34] and Dutchmen it is currently estimated at about 50,000.[35][36]

It is estimated that about 5% of the population (800,000) is descendant of Asian immigrants, chiefly from the Middle East (i.e. Palestinians, Syrians, Lebanese and Middle East Armenians, see Arab Chileans).[37][38] (This may include Israelis, both Jewish and non-Jewish citizens of the nation of Israel.) Chile is also home to a large population of immigrants, mostly Christian, from the Levant.[39] Roughly 500,000 Palestinian descendants are believed to reside in Chile.[40][41][42][43][44][45] Altogether, these immigrants with their descendants, they have transformed the country culturally, economically and politically.

Tourism

Tourism in Chile has experienced sustained growth over the last decades. Chile received about 1.25 million foreign visitors in 2006,[46] up to 2.50 million in 2007 The percentages of foreign tourists arrivals by land, air and sea were, respectively, 55.3%, 40.5% and 4.2% for that year.[46] The two main gateways for international tourists visiting Chile are Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport and Paso Los Libertadores.

Chile has a great diversity of natural landscapes, from the Mars-like landscapes of the hyperarid Atacama Desert to the glacier-fed fjords of the Chilean Patagonia, passing by the winelands backdropped by the Andes of the Central Valley and the old-growth forests of the Lakes District. Easter Island and Juan Fernández Archipelago, including Robinson Crusoe Island, are also major attractions.

External links

Encyclopedias

References

  1. ↑ Oliver Zoellner. Oliver Zoellner | Generating Samples of Ethnic Minorities in Chile. Research-worldwide.de.
  2. ↑ Repeat after me: Hello, my name is. Globalpost.com.
  3. ↑ Anglicism in Chilean Spanish. Scielo.cl.
  4. ↑ Chile – World Bank
  5. ↑ "Country profile: Chile". BBC News. 2009-12-16. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1222764.stm. 
  6. ↑ Human and income poverty: developing countries. UNDP.
  7. ↑ (2007) Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI. UAEM. ISBN 978-970-757-052-8. 
  8. ↑ Argentina, como Chile y Uruguay, su población está formada casi exclusivamente por una población blanca e blanca mestiza procedente del sur de Europa, más del 90% E. García Zarza, 1992, 19.
  9. ↑ Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile.
  10. ↑ The Chilean population is rather homogeneous with 95.4 % of its population having European ancestors.
  11. ↑ Informe Latinobarómetro 2011, Latinobarómetro (p. 58).
  12. ↑ Juan Bialet Massé en su informe sobre "El estado de las clases obreras en el interior del país"
  13. ↑ SOCIAL IDENTITY Marta Fierro Social Psychologist.
  14. ↑ Etnicidad y ciudadanía en América Latina.
  15. ↑ Diariovasco.
  16. ↑ entrevista al Presidente de la Cámara vasca.
  17. ↑ vascos Ainara Madariaga: Autora del estudio "Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX".
  18. ↑ Basques au Chili.
  19. ↑ Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano.instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas. Universitat de València Cita: " Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco".
  20. ↑ (Spanish) La población chilena con ascendencia vasca bordea entre el 15% y el 20% del total, por lo que es uno de los países con mayor presencia de emigrantes venidos de Euskadi.
  21. ↑ El 27% de los chilenos son descendientes de emigrantes vascos. DE LOS VASCOS, OÑATI Y LOS ELORZA Waldo Ayarza Elorza.
  22. ↑ (Spanish) Presencia vasca en Chile.
  23. ↑ (Spanish) Los colonos
  24. ↑ (Spanish) Alemanes en Chile.
  25. ↑ Chilean Consulate in Germany
  26. ↑ (Spanish) Diaspora Croata.
  27. ↑ Splitski osnovnoškolci rođeni u Čileu.
  28. ↑ hrvatski.
  29. ↑ Historia de Chile, Británicos y Anglosajones en Chile durante el siglo XIX.
  30. ↑ (Spanish) Embajada de Grecia en Chile.
  31. ↑ (Spanish) Griegos de Chile
  32. ↑ 90,000 descendants of Swiss in Chile.
  33. ↑ (Spanish) 5% de los chilenos tiene origen frances.
  34. ↑ Hoofdstuk XVI Historisch tussenspel
  35. ↑ Dutch immigration.
  36. ↑ Holando-bóers al sur de Chile.
  37. ↑ (Spanish) Arabes de Chile.
  38. ↑ (Spanish) En Chile viven unas 700.000 personas de origen árabe y de ellas 500.000 son descendientes de emigrantes palestinos que llegaron a comienzos del siglo pasado y que constituyen la comunidad de ese origen más grande fuera del mundo árabe.
  39. ↑ Arab.
  40. ↑ Chile: Palestinian refugees arrive to warm welcome.
  41. ↑ (Spanish) 500,000 descendientes de primera y segunda generación de palestinos en Chile.
  42. ↑ (Spanish)Santiago de Chile es un modelo de convivencia palestino-judía.
  43. ↑ Exiling Palestinians to Chile.
  44. ↑ (Spanish) Chile tiene la comunidad palestina más grande fuera del mundo árabe, unos 500.000 descendientes.
  45. ↑ En detrimento de Israel Acercamiento arabe a America Latina
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 You must specify archiveurl = and archivedate = when using {{cite web}}.2006 Tourism Report. INE.
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