Alsace
Alsace (German: Elsaß) is the fourth-smallest of the 26 regions of France in land area (8,280 km²), and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the sixth-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km² (total population in 2006: 1,815,488; January 1, 2008 estimate: 1,836,000). Alsace is located on France's eastern border and on the west bank of the upper Rhine adjacent to Germany and Switzerland. The political, economic and cultural capital as well as largest city of Alsace is Strasbourg. Due to that city being the seat of dozens of international organizations and bodies, Alsace is politically one of the most important regions in the European Union.
History
The name "Alsace" derives from the Germanic Ell-sass, meaning "Seated on the Ill",[1] a river in Alsace. The region was historically under Germanic rule for over 1,000 years (Francia, later West Francia) and part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. It was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century under kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV and made one of the provinces of France.
- Alsace was destroyed after the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). After being part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation for a very long time, it fell to France through the Peace of Westphalia. The proud German city of Strasbourg is an exception: its independence, gained since the overthrow of the bishop in 1262, was in fact reasserted in 1648, but its situation became increasingly awkward between the conflicting demands of an imperial power – now diminished – and the King of France, who had permanently acquired the territories in the surrounding area and could not tolerate that the capital of Alsace was not subject to him. The fate of Strasbourg was finally settled with the blockade of the royal army and the signing of the capitulation on 30 September 1681. The ceremonial entry of the hated King Louis XIV into the city of Strasbourg on 23 October 1681, shortly after the capitulation, concluded the process of the annexation of Alsace by the French for the time being.[2]
Alsace is frequently mentioned in conjunction with Lorraine, because German possession of parts of these two régions (as the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine, 1871–1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries, during which Alsace changed hands four times between France and Germany in 75 years.
Although Alsace is historically a German dialect speaking region, today, after the German language and the German culture was actively suppressed by the French, most Alsatians speak French. However, about 39 % of the local adult population, but probably less than 10 % of the children, are as of 2002 still fluent in the Alsatian language.[3]
External links
Encyclopedias
- Encyclopedia Britannica: Alsace
- Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition: Alsace
- Encyclopedia.com: Alsace
References
- ↑ Roland Kaltenbach : Le guide de l’Alsace, La Manufacture 1992, ISBN 2-7377-0308-5, page 36
- ↑ Kapitulation von Straßburg am 30. September 1681
- ↑ "L'alsacien, deuxième langue régionale de France Insee", Chiffres pour l'Alsace no. 12, December 2002
