Gustav Adolf von Deines

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Adolf von Deines
Gustav Adolf von Deines II.jpg
Birth name Gustav Adolf Deines
Birth date 10 March 1852(1852-03-10)
Place of birth Hanau, Electorate of Hesse, North German Confederation
Death date 30 May 1914 (aged 62)
Place of death Halensee[1] near Berlin, Province of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Allegiance Germany Prussian Eagle.jpg Kingdom of Prussia
Coat of arms of North German Confederation.png North German Confederation
 German Empire
Service/branch War and service flag of Prussia (1895–1918).png Prussian Army
Years of service 1870 to 1910
Rank General of the Artillery
Conflict Franco-German War
Awards Red Eagle Order
Order of the Crown (Prussia)
Relations ∞ 1888 Klara Ida Poppe

Gustav Adolf Deines, since 1910 von Deines (10 March 1852 – 30 May 1914), was a German officer of the Prussian Army, finally General der Artillerie (General of the Artillery). A further development of heavy artillery as well as numerous variants for modern fortress warfare were counted among his achievements.

Life

Die Thätigkeit der Belagerungs-Artillerie vor Paris im Kriege 1870/71 (1884)
Gustav Adolf von Deines.jpg
General von Deines, Deutscher Ordens-Almanach, 1908, S. 263.png

After attending the High State School in Hanau, he joined the Rhenish Fortress Artillery Regiment No. 8 (renamed Rhenish Foot Artillery Regiment No. 8 in 1872) in Saarlouis on 29 March 1870 as a three-year volunteer. During the war against France 1870/71, he took part in the battles at Gravelotte, Beaumont, the Hallue and the siege of Metz. Promoted to second lieutenant on 1 March 1872, he studied at th ePrussian War College (Preußische Kriegsakademie) from 1877 to 1880 and served in Potsdam since spring 1881 as a staff officer in the Prussian General Staff, where he was temporarily head of the “Foreign Fortresses West” department. In 1883, he was made adjutant of the 2nd Foot Artillery Brigade.

In October 1885, Deines was promoted to captain and transferred back to the General Staff, of which he would be a member, with few interruptions, for the remainder of his career. From 1894 to 1896, Major Deines was in command of the 1st Battalion of the Guards Foot Artillery Regiment in Spandau. On 18 August 1896, he was delegated with the leadership of the Schleswig-Holsteinisches Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 9 and was appointed commander with his promotion to lieutenant colonel which he stayed until 20 May 1897 when Ludwig Wilhelm Karl Lauter (1855–1929), later nobilized (1913) and General of the Artillery, took over command. He then served as Chief of Staff of the Inspectorate-General of Foot Artillery in Berlin.

From 1901 to 1903, he was head of the 4th “Foreign Fortresses West” department in the General Staff. At the end of January 1906, Deines was appointed Senior Quartermaster (Oberquartiermeister) in the General Staff. On 22 November 1910, the newly ennobled Deines retired from the military with the rank of General der Artillerie and the statutory pension.

Death

General of the Artillery von Deines was considered a great connoisseur of the works of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, to whom he was distantly related on his mother's side, and was already working on his dissertation on the poet's work when he died suddenly and unexpectedly of a heart attack in his home. He was ceremoniously buried in the Halensee cemetery near Berlin.

Family

Descent

Adolf was the son of the commercial councilor Johann Konrad Otto Deines (1824–1886) and his wife Friederike Karoline, née Textor (1827–1885). His father was the owner of an art and commercial nursery.[2]

Marriage

On 29 September 1888 in Berlin, Captain Deines married his fiancée Klara Ida Poppe (1862–1939), with whom he had four children, two sons and two daughters:[3]

  • Ortwin Adolf (b. 24 June 1889; d. 14 March 1935), Rittmeister (as of 18.12.1917) of the Dragoner-Regiment „Freiherr von Manteuffel“ (Rheinisches) Nr. 5 in WWI, later accomplished chemist
  • Eckart Otto Oskar (1892–1967), Captain (as of 18.8.1918) of the 4. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß in WWI, later jurist (14 November 1927 court assessor; 16 March 1934 Landgerichtsrat Berlin; 1 August 1937 Kammergerichtsrat), Reichsgerichtsrat z. Wv. and Lecturer (Lehrbeauftragter) at the Technical University of Braunschweig[4] as well as Lieutenant Colonel (as of 1.4.1943) of the Luftwaffe in WWII
  • Karoline "Karola" Antonie Helga (1896–1938), gymnastics teacher
  • Helga Elisabeth Johanna (b. 16 July 1898; d. 17 May 1958); ∞ Ludwig "Lutz" Georg Heinrich Heck, director of the Berlin Zoological Garden

Promotions

  • 29 March 1870 Dreijährig-Freiwilliger (three-year volunteer)
  • 1 or 9 March 1872 Seconde-Lieutenant (2nd Lieutenant)
  • 14 September 1880 Premier-Lieutenant (1st Lieutenant)
  • October 1885 Hauptmann (Captain)
  • 20 October 1890 Major
  • 22 March 1897 Oberst-Lieutenant (Lieutenant Colonel)
  • 22 May 1899 Oberst (Colonel)
  • 17 February 1903 Generalmajor (Major General)
  • 16 October 1906 Generalleutnant (Lieutenant General)
  • 22 November 1910 Charakter als General der Artillerie z. D. (Honorary General of the Artillery at Disposal)

Awards, decorations and honours

Awards and decorations

  • War Commemorative Medal of 1870–1871 (Kaiserliche Kriegsdenkmünze 1870/71; KD70/71) with 5 Battle Clasps
  • Red Eagle Order (Roter Adlerorden), 4th Class (RAO4)
  • Prussian Long Service Cross for 25 years (Königlich Preußisches Dienstauszeichnungskreuz; DA/PDK)
  • Prussian Order of the Crown (Preußischer Kronenorden), 3rd Class on 18 January 1897[5]
  • Japanese Order of the Sacred Treasure, 4th Class (JZ4)
  • Prussian Centenary Medal 1897 (Zentenarmedaille) on 22 March 1897
  • Austrian Order of the Iron Crown, Knight II. Class (ÖEK2)
  • Red Eagle Order, 3rd Class with the Bow
  • Albert Order of Saxony (Albrechts-Orden), Commander (Komtur) II. Class (SA2b) in 1900[6]
  • Prussian Order of the Crown, 2nd Class
  • Order of the Crown of Italy, Grand Officer (JK2/ItKr2)
  • Bavarian Military Merit Order, Commander's Cross (BMV2b)
    • as of Rangliste 1906 declared as 2nd class (BMV2)
  • Red Eagle Order, 2nd Class with Oak Leaves
  • Order of the Star of Romania, Grand Officer's Cross (RumSt2)
  • Southwest Africa Commemorative Medal (Südwest-Afrika Denkmünze) in Steel for non-combatants in 1907
  • Star to his Bavarian Military Merit Order 2nd Class (BMV2mSt)
  • Star to his Red Eagle Order 2nd Class with Oak Leaves[7]
  • Württemberg Order of the Crown, Commander (Kommenthur) with Star (WK2a)
  • Prussian Order of the Crown, 1st Class in 1910
  • Bavarian Military Merit Order, 1st Class (BMV1) on 11 February 1911[8]

Honours

  • By highest cabinet order, General Deines was raised to the hereditary Prussian nobility on 8 October 1910 at Gut Cadinen with a diploma dated 18 October 1910 in Potsdam (Neues Palais).
  • 1920 to 1938 Deinesstraße in Spandau
  • Deines-Bruchmüller-Kaserne in Lahnstein (Rhineland)
    • The barracks was named in honour of the artillery generals Adolf von Deines and Georg Bruchmüller from 1938–1945 (Wehrmacht) and 1957–2022 (Bundeswehr)

Writings

  • Die Sage von der Überlegenheit der franzözischen Artillerie (The Legend of the Superiority of French Artillery),in: "Deutsche Revue – Eine Monatschrift", No. 38, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1883, pp. 106–113
  • Die Thätigkeit der Belagerungs-Artillerie vor Paris im Kriege 1870/71 (The Activity of the Siege Artillery Before Paris in the War of 1870/71), Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1884 (Google Books)
    • for the first time bringing much deserved recognition to the artillerymen who made the siege of Paris successful and helped the German forces win the war.

References

  1. ↑ Halensee was incorporated into Greater Berlin together with the town of Wilmersdorf in 1920.
  2. ↑ Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Briefadeligen Häuser, 1913, p. 167
  3. ↑ Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Adeligen Häuser, Teil B, p. 136
  4. ↑ Reichsgerichtsrat von Deines, Eckart
  5. ↑ Königlich Preußische Ordens-Liste, second addendum to the list of 1895, p. 102
  6. ↑ Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen, 1901, p. 170
  7. ↑ Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee für das Jahr 1909, p. 15
  8. ↑ Verordnungsblatt des Königlich Bayerischen Kriegsministeriums, Bayerisches Kriegsministerium, München 1911, p. 37
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