Paris
Paris is the capital city of France. It is situated on the River Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region ("Région parisienne"). The City of Paris had 2,102,650 residents in January 2023 within its administrative limits (9th in Europe, 1st in France).
The Paris unité urbaine (similar to the North American "urban area") is an area of unbroken urban growth that extends well beyond the administrative city limits and has a population of 10.890.751 (as of 2021). A commuter belt around the unité urbaine completes the Paris aire urbaine (similar to the North American "metropolitan area") that, with its population of 12.532.901 (as of 2021), making it one of the most heavily populated areas in Europe.
Contents
History
An important settlement for more than two millennia, Paris is today one of the world's leading business and cultural centers, and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. The Paris Region (Île-de-France) is France's foremost centre of economic activity. With €500.8 billion (US$628.9 billion), it produced more than a quarter of the gross domestic product (GDP) of France in 2006. La Défense, the largest purpose-built business district in Europe, hosts the head offices of almost half of the major French companies, as well as the headquarters of fifteen of the world's 100 largest companies. Paris also hosts many international organizations such as UNESCO, the OECD, the ICC and the informal Paris Club.
Timeline (excerpt)
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- 250-225 BCE The Parisii, a Celtic tribe, found a town, called Lucotecia, on the Île de la Cité.
- 52 BCE The Parisii are defeated by the Roman general Titus Labienus at the Battle of Lutetia. A Gallo-Roman garrison town, called Lutetia, is founded on the left bank of the Seine.
- 275-276 CE The settlement on the left bank is conquered by Germanic tribes.
- 358 CE The Roman commander Julian the Apostate resides in Paris during the winter, when not fighting the Germanic tribes.
- 451 Paris is threatened by the Huns. Saint Genevieve persuades the Parisians not to abandon the city, and the Huns attack Tours instead.
- 464 The city is blockaded by Germanic noble Chilperic I, King of the Franks.
- 486 Clovis I, King of the Franks, negotiates with Saint Genevieve the submission of Paris to his authority.
- c. 508/511 Clovis I, the king of the Franks, makes Paris his capital.
- 639 King Dagobert I is buried in the abbey of Saint-Denis, which becomes the main necropolis for Frankish kings.
- 845 Siege of Paris — The first attack on the city by the Vikings, who burn the city. King Charles the Bald gives them 7000 pounds of silver to go away.
- 870 King of West Francia Charles the Bald orders the construction of two bridges, the Grand Pont and the Petit Pont, ostensibly to block the passage of the Vikings up the Seine.
- 978 October – Siege of Paris by the Holy Roman Emperor Otto II.
- 988 Hugh Capet, elected King of the Franks in 987, resides in Paris for a time, and returns again in 989, 992 and 994–995.
- 1139 Establishment of the Templars in the old Temple, near the church of Saint-Gervais.
- 1291 May – King Philip IV, ("Philip the Fair"), expels the Lombards from the city.
- 1314 The leaders of the Knights Templar, including Jacques de Molay, are burned at the stake on the Île aux Juifs, also called Île des Templiers, an island west of the Île de la Cité.
- 1348–1349 The Black death, or bubonic plague, ravages Paris. In May 1349, it becomes so severe that the Royal Council flees the city.
- 1427 First record of the arrival of the Romani people, or gypsies, in Paris.
- 1429 8 September – Joan of Arc, fighting for King Charles VII (Charles le Victorieux), tries and fails to retake Paris. She is wounded outside the Porte Saint-Honoré.
- 1430 May – Joan of Arc, captured by the Burgundians in 1429, is handed over to the English in Rouen and brought to trial for heresy. The case against her is prepared by the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. At Cauchon's request, the faculty of the University of Paris endorses the charge of heresy against her. She is convicted and burned at the stake.
- 1496 First recorded case of syphilis in Paris, brought from Italy by soldiers of Charles VIII. Foreigners in the city with the disease are expelled from the city on 6 March 1497.
- 1540 1 January – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor is welcomed to Paris with a solemn ceremony.
- 1595 22 March – The gates of Paris are opened to the army of Henry IV.
- 1767 September – Benjamin Franklin comes to Paris to discuss his experiments with electricity with European scientists
- 1792 25 April – First execution using the guillotine of the bandit Nicolas Pelletier on the Place de Grève.
- 1794 28 July – Robespierre and those arrested with him are guillotined, this signaling the end of the Reign of Terror.
- 1795 5 October – An uprising by royalists in the center of the city is suppressed with artillery fire by General Napoleon Bonaparte.
- 1800 19 February – Napoleon makes the Tuileries Palace his residence (Coalition Wars).
- 1804 2 December – Napoleon I crowns himself Emperor of the French at the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris.
- 1814 31 March – King of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm III and Alexander I of Russia enter Paris at the head of their armies (Wars of Liberation).
- 1815 7 July – After the Battle of Waterloo, Paris is again occupied, this time by German troops of the Seventh Coalition (Siebte Koalition).
- 1866 2 September – Beer served for first time in Paris at the Café de la Rotonde.
- 1870 19 July – France, under Napoleon III in Paris, declares war on Prussia, the southern German states immediately side with Prussia. The Franco-Prussian War begins.
- 1871 28 January – Armistice and capitulation of Paris. German victory parade on the Champs-Élysées on 1 March.
- 1872 Population: 1,850,000
- 1900 24 February – The first newsreel films, of the Boer War, are shown at the Olympia Theater.
- 1901 28 September – First European lawn tennis championship held in Paris.
- 1906 Population: 2,722,731
- 1914 1 August – Mobilization of army reservists for the First World War.
- 1917 15 October – Execution by firing squad of the Dutch Mata Hari, a spy for the Germans, in the moat of the Château de Vincennes.
- 1924 5 July – opening of 1924 Summer Olympics at the stadium of Colombes. Among the medal winners was the German American Johnny Weissmuller (three gold medals in swimming).
- 1938 30 September – Prime Minister Édouard Daladier receives a triumphant welcome on his return from the Munich Conference.
- 1939 3 September – France declares war on Germany (WWII).
- 1940 14 June – German Wehrmacht enter Paris after Battle of France. Hitler comes to Paris on 23 June for one day. He makes a brief visit to the terrace of the Palais de Chaillot to see the Eiffel Tower.
- 1944 1 September – Provisional French government led by Charles de Gaulle established in Paris.
Paris under German rule vs. the 21st century
The Allied forces of WWII bombed 45% of the city to ruins, causing massive loss of life[1] though not as bad a civilian mass murder as the bombing of Bombing of Dresden in World War II. Whereas, when the Germans took Paris, they had done so without harming the city. Compare the way Paris is now to the way it was under German occupation and Vichy rule. Paris thrived under German occupation. It was a fun loving big city full of people with their own cultural identity. Under National Socialism, it would have remained that way. Now French identity is being destroyed by mass immigration from the third world which is masterminded by jews. France has even had crypto-jewish presidents such as Nicolas Sarkozy.
