June 23

Events

• 1611 - The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in what is now Hudson Bay; they are never heard from again.
• 1713 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia, Canada.
• 1794 - Empress of Russia Catherine II grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.
• 1865 - American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.
• 1888 - Frederick Douglass is the first Black American nominated for US president.
• 1940 - World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.
• 1959 - Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany (where he resumed a scientific career).
• 1969 - Warren E. Burger is sworn in as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring chief Earl Warren.
• 1990 - Moldavia declares independence.

Births

• 1897 - Winifred Wagner - Richard Wagner's daughter-in-law, close friend of Adolf Hitler (d. 1980)
• 1904 - Carleton Coon, American anthropologist (d. 1981)
• 1948 - Clarence Thomas, U.S. Supreme Court Justice

Deaths

• 1995 - Jonas Salk, American medical researcher (b. 1914)
• 1997 - Betty Shabazz, wife of Malcolm X (b. 1936)
• 1998 - Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (b. 1911)
• 2003 - Maynard Jackson, Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia (b. 1938)