Earnest Hooton

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Earnest Hooton

Hooton
Born 20 November 1887(1887-11-20)
Clemansville, Wisconsin, US
Died 3 May 1954 (aged 66)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
Fields Physical anthropology
Alma mater University of Wisconsin–Madison
Doctoral students Harry L. Shapiro
Carleton S. Coon
Arthur Randolph Kelly
William W. Howells
Frederick S. Hulse
Alice M. Brues
Sherwood L. Washburn
Joseph Birdsell
William S. Laughlin[1]
Known for Racial classification
Notable awards Viking Fund Medal (1947)

Earnest Albert Hooton (20 November 1887 – 3 May 1954) was an American physical anthropologist. Leftist Wikipedia makes wildly varying claims regarding him, sometimes describing him as an extreme racial supremacist, sometimes describing him as a politically correct race denialist. This may be related to Hooton sometimes stating very controversial ideas and proposals simply in order to provoke controversy.

Life

Earnest Albert Hooton II.jpg
From the book Crime and the Man (1939) by Earnest Albert Hooton[2]

The "Hooton Plan"

In 1943, Hooton had an article entitled "Breed War Strain Out of Germans" published in the New York newspaper PM. It appeared with other, less extreme proposals by Franz Boas, Albert Einstein, and Dorothy Thompson. Hooton may not have been very serious regarding his proposals, but that they were even published at all, together with other proposals by well-known individuals, may indicate the general anti-German propaganda in the mass media.

In the article, Hooton proposed four anti-German measures with an objective to "destroy German nationalism and aggressive ideology while retaining and perpetuating desirable German biological and sociological capacities". Hooton wrote these measures as follows:

  1. Execute or imprison for life all leaders of the Nazi party; permanently exile all professional army officers.
  2. For a period of 20 years or more utilize the bulk of the present German army as rehabilitation labor units in devastated areas of the Allied Nations in Europe and elsewhere. These laborers should not be treated as prisoners of war or convicts but as paid employees (supervised and restricted as to movement from the area of their work). They might be allowed the privilege of naturalization upon evidence of good behavior. The single men should be permitted to marry only women of the country of their abode or naturalization.

    The families of the men already married should remain in Germany for a period of years, but might eventually be permitted to join the fathers. The latter should not be allowed to return to Germany. The objects of this measure include reduction of the birth rate of "pure" Germans, neutralization of German aggressiveness by outbreeding, and denationalization of indoctrinated individuals.

  3. Break up the German Reich into several states (probably its original component states), permitting each, after a suitable interval of supervision and government by the Allied Nations, to choose its own form of non-Fascist government. The object of this measure is to destroy the national framework of unified German aggression.
  4. During the period of supervision and occupation of the several states by armies and civilian staffs of the Allied Nations, encourage members of these groups to intermarry with the German women and to settle there permanently. During this period encourage also the immigration and settlement in the German states of non-German nationals, especially males.

Writings (excerpt)

  • The Negro in Human Evolution and American Civilization
  • What Shall We do With Germany & Japan?, Manuskript an John Charles Phillips (1875–1938)[3]
  • Man’s Debt to the Ape
  • An Anthropological Appraisal of the Jewish People
  • Abstract of Homo-sapiens--Whence and Whither?
  • Stature, Head Form, and Pigmentation of Adult Male Irish
  • Hip-Hop-Hippocrates! or An Anthropological Seer for Medical Science
  • Apes, Men, and Teeth
  • Crime and the Man, Harvard University Press, 1939

See also

Further reading

External links

In German

References

  1. Spencer, Frank (1997). History of Physical Anthropology. New York: Garland Pub, 500. ISBN 0-8153-0490-0. 
  2. Crime and the Man
  3. Hooton, Earnest Albert, 1887-1954. Papers of Earnest A. Hooton, 1926-1954