Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies

There was a succession of Soviet secret police agencies over time. The first Soviet secret police after the Russian Revolution, created by Vladimir Lenin's decree on 20 December 1917, was called "Cheka" (ЧК). Officers were referred to as "chekists", a name that is still informally applied to people under the Federal Security Service of Russia, the KGB's successor in Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

For most agencies listed here secret policing operations were only part of their function; for instance, the KGB was both the secret police and the intelligence agency.

Chronology

• Cheka (abbreviation of Vecheka, itself an acronym for "All-Russian Extraordinary Committee to Combat Counter-Revolution and Sabotage" of the Russian SFSR)
  • Felix Dzerzhinski (December 20, 1917 - July 7, 1918), a Pole.
  • Jakob Peters (July 7, 1918 - August 22, 1918), a Latvian.
  • Felix Dzerzhinski (August 22, 1918 - February 6, 1922)

February 6, 1922: Cheka transforms into GPU, a department of the NKVD of the Russian SFSR.

• NKVD - "People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs"
  • GPU - State Political Directorate
    • Felix Dzerzhinski (February 6, 1922 - November 15, 1923)

November 15, 1923: GPU leaves the NKVD and becomes all-union OGPU under direct control of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

• OGPU - "Joint State Political Directorate" or "All-Union State Political Board"
  • Felix Dzerzhinski (November 15, 1923 - July 20, 1926)
  • Vyacheslav Menzhinsky (July 30, 1926 - May 10, 1934)

July 10, 1934: NKVD of the Russian SFSR ceases to exist and transforms into the all-union NKVD of the USSR; OGPU becomes GUGB ("Main Directorate for State Security") in the all-union NKVD.

• NKVD - "People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs"
  • GUGB - "Main Directorate for State Security"
    • Genrikh Yagoda (July 10, 1934 - September 26, 1936)
    • Nikolai Yezhov (September 26, 1936 - November 25, 1938)
    • Lavrentiy Beria (November, 1938 - March 5, 1953)

February 3, 1941: The GUGB of the NKVD was briefly separated out into the NKGB, then merged back in, and then on April 14, 1943 separated out again.

• NKGB - "People's Commissariat for State Security"
  • Vsevolod Merkulov (February 3, 1941 - July 20, 1941) (NKGB folded back into NKVD)
  • Vsevolod Merkulov (April 14, 1943 - March 18, 1946) (NKGB reseparated from NKVD)

March 18, 1946: All People's Commissariats were renamed to Ministries.

• MGB - "Ministry for State Security"
  • Viktor Abakumov (March 18, 1946 - 1951)
  • Semyon Ignatyev (1951 - March 5, 1953)

The East German secret police, the Stasi, took their name from this iteration.

• KI - "Committee of Information" (foreign intelligence service)
  • Peter Fedotov MGB
  • Fedor Kuznetsov GRU
  • Yakov Malik Foreign Ministry

May 30, 1947: Official decision with the expressed purpose of "upgrading coordination of different intelligence services and concentrating their efforts on major directions". In the summer of 1948 the military personnel in KI were returned to the Soviet military to reconstitute foreign military intelligence service (GRU). KI sections dealing with the new East Bloc and Soviet emigrés were returned to the MGB in late 1948. In 1951 the KI returned to the MGB.

March 5, 1953: MVD and MGB are merged into the MVD by Lavrentiy Beria.

• MVD - "Ministry of Internal Affairs"
  • Lavrentiy Beria (March 5, 1953 - June 26, 1953)
  • Sergei Kruglov (June, 1953 - March 13, 1954)

March 13, 1954: Newly independent force became the KGB, as Beria was purged and the MVD divested itself again of the functions of secret policing. After renamings and tumults, the KGB remained stable until 1991.

• KGB - Committee for State Security
  • Ivan Serov (March 13, 1954 - December 8, 1958)
  • Alexander Shelepin (December 25, 1958 - November 13, 1961)
  • Vladimir Semichastny (November 13, 1961 - May 18, 1967)
  • Yuri Andropov (May 18, 1967 - May 26, 1982)
  • Vitaly Fedorchuk (May 26, 1982 - December 17, 1982)
  • Viktor Chebrikov (December 17, 1982 - October 1, 1988)
  • Vladimir Kryuchkov (October 1, 1988 - August 22, 1991)
  • Leonid Shebarshin (August 22, 1991 - August 23, 1991) (acting)
  • Vadim Bakatin (August 23, 1991 - October 22, 1991)

In 1991, after the State Emergency Committee failed to overthrow Gorbachev and Yeltsin took over, General Vadim Bakatin was given instructions to dissolve the KGB.

In Russia today, KGB functions are performed by the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB), and the Federal Protective Service (FSO). The GRU, Main Intelligence Directorate, continues to operate as well.

See also

• List of Chairmen of the KGB
• Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services
• FAPSI - State communications, formed from the former 8th and 16th Directorates of KGB and later merged into FSB
• Red Terror

Secret Services of Imperial Russia

• Okhrana, secret police of Imperial Russia
• Special Corps of Gendarmes
• Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery

External links

• The Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) has the full text of former KGB agent Alexander Vassiliev's Notebooks with evidence of Soviet espionage in the United States during the Cold War
• Official history of the MVD of Russia: 1917-1930 1931-1945 1946-1965 1966-1985 1986-1993 (Russian)