Second Northern War
The Second Northern War (1655–60) was fought between Sweden, then a great power, and its adversaries the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1655–60), Russia (1656–58), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657–60), the Habsburg Monarchy (1657–60), Denmark and Norway (1657–58 and 1658–60).
Oliva
The Treaty or Peace of Oliva of 23 April 1660 was one of the peace treaties ending the Second Northern War (1655-1660).[1]. The Treaty of Oliva, the Treaty of Copenhagen in the same year, and the Treaty of Cardis in the following year marked the high point of the Swedish Empire.[2][3]
At Oliva, which is situated just outside Danzig, peace was made between Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Habsburgs and Brandenburg-Prussia. Sweden was accepted as being overeign in Livonia, Brandenburg was accepted as sovereign in Prussia and Poland's King John II Casimir withdrew his ridiculous claims to the Swedish throne. Roman Catholics in Livonia and Prussia were granted religious freedom.[4]
The signatories were the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, Elector Frederick William I of Brandenburg and King John II Casimir of Poland. Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie, the head of the Swedish delegation and the minor regency, signed on behalf of his nephew, King Charles XI of Sweden, who was still a minor.
Sources
- ↑ Frost (2000), p.183
- ↑ Freden i København, 27. maj 1660. danmarkshistorien.dk.
- ↑ Nina Ringbom. Freden i Kardis 1661. Historiesajten.
- ↑ Nina Ringbom. Freden i Oliva 1660. Historiesajten.
- The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721, by Robert I. Frost, Longmans, 2000, ISBN 978-0-582-06429-4.
