Mexico

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United Mexican States
Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Spanish)
Motto: 
Spanish: La Patria Es Primero
("The Homeland is First")
Anthem: 
Spanish: Himno Nacional Mexicano
("Mexican National Anthem")
Capital
and largest city		Mexico City
Official languages
National language Spanish
Ethnic groups See below
Demonym Mexican
Government Federal presidential
Legislature Congress
 -  Upper house Senate
 -  Lower house Chamber of Deputies
Independence from Spain
 -  Declared 16 September 1810 
 -  Consummated 27 September 1821 
 -  Recognized 28 December 1836 
 -  First constitution 4 October 1824 
 -  Second constitution 5 February 1857 
 -  Current constitution 5 February 1917 
Area
 -  Total 1,972,550 km2 (13th)
761,606 sq mi 
 -  Water (%) 1.58 (as of 2015)[1]
Population
 -  2022 estimate 129,150,971 (10th)
 -  2020 census 126,014,024[2] (10th)
 -  Density 61/km2 (142nd)
157/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2022 estimate
 -  Total increase $2.92 trillion[3] (13th)
 -  Per capita increase $22,440[3] (69th)
GDP (nominal) 2022 estimate
 -  Total increase $1.42 trillion[3] (15th)
 -  Per capita increase $10,950[3] (71st)
Gini (2018)41.8
medium
HDI (2021)increase 0.758[4]
high · 86th
Currency Mexican peso (MXN)
Time zone (UTC−8 to −5)
 -  Summer (DST) varies (UTC−7 to −5)
Drives on the right
Calling code +52
Internet TLD .mx
a. ^ Article 4 of the General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples[5][6]
b. ^ Spanish is de facto the official language in the Mexican federal government.

The United Mexican States or commonly Mexico is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bounded on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico.[7][8] The United Mexican States is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a federal district, the capital Mexico City, which is one of the world's most populous cities.

Overview

Covering almost 2 million square kilometers,[9] Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest in the world. Much of the land is desolate as most of the population of have immigrated, often illegally, to the United States. With an estimated population of 109 million,[10] it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world.

Mexico is the 13th largest economy in the world by gross domestic product (GDP) by purchasing power parity. The economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partners. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional: PRI) which had held it since 1929, culminating the political alternation at the federal level, which had begun at the local level during the 1980s. By 2013, Mexico had replaced the United States as the nation with the most obese people; 32.8 percent of Mexican adults are obese.[11]

Immigration

Mexico continues to bring in massive illegal immigration into the United States. It is unclear why since Mexico has less unemployment, free nationwide healthcare, an inexpensive education system, soon to have a higher percentage of white people, and it has banned genetically modified foods.[12] In 2014, its president, Enrique Peña Nieto, said Americans who oppose mass immigration from Mexico are racist.[13]

Political States of Mexico

  • Aguascalientes
  • Baja California
  • Baja California Sur
  • Campeche
  • Chiapas
  • Chihuahua
  • Coahuila
  • Colima
  • Durango
  • Guanajuato
  • Guerrero
  • Hidalgo
  • Jalisco
  • Mexico
  • Michoacan
  • Morelos
  • Nayarit
  • Nuevo Leon
  • Oaxaca
  • Puebla
  • Queretaro
  • Quintana Roo
  • San Luis Potosi
  • Sinaloa
  • Sonora
  • Tabasco
  • Tamaulipas
  • Tlaxcala
  • Veracruz
  • Yucatan
  • Zacatecas

German Mexicans

Main article: German Mexican

Germans or people from German speaking regions in Europe have been present since the first Spaniards came to Mexico. It was a disciple of Johannes Gutenberg who opened the first printing press in Mexico City. There were also Germans the ones who started mining silver, gold and iron ore all over New Spain. Many present day Mexicans from the Western and Northwestern states have a distant German past, together with their more prevalent Spanish ancestry. Alexander von Humboldt, one of the two Humboldt brothers for which the university in Berlin is named, was one of the first documented German visitors to Mexico when in 1803 he arrived to map the country's topography and learn about its culture. Alexander von Humboldt’s reports on his trip to Mexico back in 1803/4 heralded the start of Germany’s fascination with Mexico. Conversely, Germany has also traditionally been held in high regard in Mexico.

However the bulk of present day and more recent descendants came in the late 19th (a nascent German merchant colony began in Mexico City with about fifty individuals in 1820s) and 20th centuries. Not only people from German Empire came but also Germans from the Austrian Empire (from farmers and pioneers to personal aides of Emperor Maximilian I), and even German speaking Bohemia. It was from these groups that Polka dances, bands, music and rhythms came, together with beer brewing, sausage and deli industries. German Swiss presence was also important, with them founding schools and even a Swiss-Mexican (Heinrich Konrad Rebsamen) being the founder of modern Mexican school system. Another important educator from German background was Bertha oon Glümer, who brought the Kindergarten system direct from Germany into Mexico, being taught herself by Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel (1782–1852).

See also

External links

Article archives

Encyclopedias

References

  1. ↑ Surface water and surface water change. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
  2. ↑ Censo Población y Vivienda 2020. INEGI.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 IMF DataMapper.
  4. ↑ Human Development Report 2021-2022 (en). United Nations Development Programme (15 December 2020).
  5. ↑ INALI (13 March 2003). General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples.
  6. ↑ Catálogo de las lenguas indígenas nacionales: Variantes lingüísticas de México con sus autodenominaciones y referencias geoestadísticas. Inali.gob.mx.
  7. ↑ Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, 3rd ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc.; p. 733
  8. ↑ "Mexico". The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2001–6. New York: Columbia University Press.
  9. ↑ Mexico - Geography. CIA The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
  10. ↑ Mexico - People. CIA The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
  11. ↑ Monday, Jul 8, 2013 4:43 PM UTC Mexico replaces US as world’s fattest nation
  12. ↑ http://www.naturalnews.com/042660_Mexico_GMO_corn_genetically_engineered_food.html http://rt.com/usa/los-angeles-gmo-ban-643/
  13. ↑ http://www.dailystormer.com/mexican-president-accuses-anti-immigration-americans-of-racism/
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