Pope Pius XI
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Pope Pius XI (31 May 1857 - 10 February 1939), original name Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was pope between 1922 and 1939.
During his pontificate, the longstanding hostility with the Italian government over the status of the papacy and the Catholic Church in Italy was successfully resolved in the Lateran Treaty of 1929.
He also participate in the 1933 Reichskonkordat treaty with National Socialist Germany. Despite this, he wrote several protests against National Socialist policies, and his attitude toward fascist Italy changed dramatically after racial policies were introduced into Italy in 1938.
