October 30
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Events
- 1470 – Henry VI of England returns to the English throne after Earl of Warwick defeats the Yorkists in battle.
- 1485 – King Henry VII of England is crowned.
- 1905 – Czar Nicholas II of Russia grants Russia's first constitution, creating a legislative assembly.
- 1918 - The Ottoman Empire signs an armistice with the Allies, ending the First World War in the Middle East.
- 1922 - Benito Mussolini is made Prime Minister of Italy.
- 1938 - Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, causing anxiety in some of the audience in the United States.
- 1961 – Nuclear testing: The Soviet Union detonates the hydrogen bomb Tsar Bomba over Novaya Zemlya; at 58 megatons of yield, it is still the largest explosive device ever detonated, nuclear or otherwise.
- 1961 - Because of "violations of Lenin's precepts", it is decreed that Joseph Stalin's body be removed from its place of honour inside Lenin's tomb and buried near the Kremlin wall with a plain granite marker instead.
- 1975 - Prince Juan Carlos becomes Spain's acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing leader, Gen. Francisco Franco.
- 2005 – The rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche (destroyed in the firebombing of Dresden during World War II) is reconsecrated after a thirteen-year rebuilding project.
Births
- 1735 - John Adams, President of the United States (d. 1826)
- 1821 - Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian writer (d. 1881)
- 1869 - Nicolae Paulescu, Romanian physiologist and discoverer of insulin (d. 1931)
- 1885 - Ezra Pound, American poet (d. 1972)
- 1935 – Robert Caro, American biographer
Deaths
- 1611 - King Charles IX of Sweden (b. 1550)
- 1893 – John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, third Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
- 1910 – Henry Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1828)
- 1912 – James S. Sherman, Vice President of the United States (b. 1855)
- 1915 – Charles Tupper, sixth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
- 1923 – Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
- 1987 – Joseph Campbell, comparative mythologist and author (b. 1904)
- 2000 – Steve Allen, American comedian, author, and composer (b. 1921)
