Race and crime

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Statistics have shown that members of different races have different propensities to commit crimes.

[edit] Statistics

[edit] United States

As of 2005, statistics show[1] that offending rates for blacks were more than 7 times higher than the rates for whites.

A February 1997 report on rape and sexual-based crime published by the United States Department of Justice stated that of the crimes surveyed, 56% of arrestees were Caucasian, 42% were African American, and 2% were of other races. The report additionally noted that "[v]ictims of rape were about evenly divided between whites and blacks; in about 88% of forcible rapes, the victim and offender were of the same race."^[1]

According to United States Department of Justice document Criminal Victimization in the United States, in the United States in 2005, 37,460 White females were sexually assaulted or raped by a Black man, while between zero and ten Black females were sexually assaulted or raped by a White man. There were overall 111,590 white victims of rape/sexual assault in 2005. In those 111,590 cases the offender was White in 44.5 percent of the cases and Black in 33.6 percent of the cases.^[2]

A subsequent United States Department of Justice report which surveyed homicide statistics between 1974 and 2004 stated that of the crimes surveyed, 52.1% of the offenders were Black, 45.9% were White, and 2% were Other Races. Of the victims in those same crimes, 51% were White, 46.9% were Black, and 2.1% were Other Races. The report further noted that, "most murders are intraracial", with 86% of White murders committed by Whites, and 94% of Black murders committed by Blacks.^[3] It should be noted that the document does not provide any details concerning what races or ethnicities are included in the designations "White", "Black", or "Other Races".

As of 2001, the chances of going to prison in percentages for various demographic groups

70% of prisoners in the United States are non-Whites.^[4] In 1998, nearly one out of three Black men between the ages of 20-29 were in prison or jail, on probation or parole on any given day.^[5][6]

A 2005 United States Department of Justice report on violent crimes stated that of the "perceived race" of the offenders in single-offender violent crimes, 43.3% were White, 21.0% were Black, and 9.6% were "Other", with the remaining 26.0% of offenders of unknown race.^[7]

US Department of Justice survey stated that more than 6.6 million violent crimes (murder, rape, assault and robbery) are committed in the United States each year, of which about 20%, are inter-racial crimes.^[8] According to research done by Larry Elder, a radio host and New York Times best-selling author, of the approximately 1,700,000 interracial crimes of violence each year, nearly 1,200,000 involved black-white crime. In 90% of those crimes, black offenders attacked white victims.^[9][10] African Americans are more than 50 times more likely to commit violent crimes against White Americans than vice versa.^[11]

Double standard when it comes to interracial crime is significant. The overwheliming majority of interracial crime involves White victims and Black or Hispanic suspects, yet very few of these crimes are classified as "hate crimes."^[12] The opposite is assumed when a crime features a White suspect and a minority victim.^[13]

The most dangerous cities in the United States.[4]

[edit] Canada

First Nations make up about 2% of Canada's population, but account for 18% of the federal prison population as of 2000.^[14]

[edit] Britain

Whites in Britain are the victims of race attacks more than Asians and Blacks put together. However, the proportion of ethnic minorities reporting being the victim of a racially-motivated crime is higher. In Bradford, 58% of victims were white, 35% were Asian and 9% were black.[5]

Almost twice as many black people are in prison as at university, according to a report by the Commission for Racial Equality.[6]

The black prison population has risen by almost 60% under Labour, according to shock new government figures. [..] New Home Office statistics show numbers of African-Caribbean prisoners has leapt a staggering 58% since 1997, with young black men making up over 90% of all black inmates.[7]

63% of mugging victims in London reporting that their attackers were black.[8] In 2005, blacks comprise 19% of those sentenced to prison for robberies, 8% of those sentenced for sexual offences and 23% of those sentenced for drug offences, although they make up 2% of the population.[9]

Five years ago, the threat from Jamaican gangsters and black British-born crack dealers could have been dismissed as a local difficulty for a handful of inner-city police forces. But today, as the most authoritative study into the threat reveals, Jamaican organised crime groups have infiltrated almost every part of the country.[10]

Blacks are more likely to plead not guilty than whites, are more likely to be released on parole than white prisoners and black defendants are more likely to be acquitted than white defendants. (Sources: Prison statistics England and Wales 2000 and Ethnic differences in decisions on young offenders dealt with by the CPS, Section 95 Findings No.1 (2000)

Black females are around 16 times more likely to go to prison than white females. (Source: Prison statistics England and Wales 2000)

A report by Britain's Home Office for the years 2003, 2004, and 2005 stated that of the "ethnic appearance" of persons arrested for "notable offenses", 84.3% were White, 8.8% were Black, 4.9% were Asian, and 1.4% were Other, with the remaining percentage classified as "Unknown". Additionally, the report stated that when cases of crime went to court, those of either Black or White ethnic appearance were convicted 51% of the time, and those of Asian appearance were convicted 24% of the time.^[15] It stated that:

"Black and Asian people experience a higher likelihood of being stopped and searched. Moreover, Black defendants are more prominent in the Crown Court caseload, although this is partly due to a tendency to elect for jury trial more often than other ethnic groups, including White. Furthermore, Black people are also overrepresented in the prison population reflecting, at least in part, the longest average sentence imposed upon them. ^[16]

In London in 2006, 75% of the victims of gun crime and 79% of the suspects were "from the African/Caribbean community."^[17]

In 2005-6, 1,543 victims of racist crime in Scotland were of Pakistani origin, while more than 1,000 victims were classed as being "white British".^[18] Kriss Donald was a Scottish fifteen-year-old who was kidnapped and murdered in Glasgow in 2004.Five British Asian men were later found guilty of racially-motivated violence; those convicted of murder were all sentenced to life imprisonment.^[19]

The British Crime Survey reveals that in 2004, 87,000 people from black or minority ethnic communities said they had been a victim of a racially motivated crime. They had suffered 49,000 violent attacks, with 4,000 being wounded.

At the same time 92,000 white people said they had also fallen victim of a racially motivated crime. The number of violent attacks against whites reached 77,000, while the number of white people who reported being wounded was five times the number of black and minority ethnic victims at 20,000. Most of the offenders (57%) in the racially motivated crimes identified in the British Crime Survey are not white. White victims said 82% of offenders were not white.^[20]

On the other hand, the Home Office report above-mentioned state that:

Black victims (32%) were more likely to be shot compared to Asians (10%) and White (5%) victims. Twenty-three homicides were recorded as being racially-motivated over the three years-old.^[21]

[edit] Sweden

Immigrants are overrepresented in Sweden's crime statistics. During the period 1997-2001, 25% of the almost 1,520,000 offences were committed by people born overseas, while almost 20% were committed by Swedish-born people with a foreign background. Those from North Africa and Western Asia were overrepresented.^[22]

[edit] Australia

According to the Australian government's June 2006 publication of prison statistics, while only 2.3% of the national population, Indigenous peoples make up 24% of the overall prison population in Australia. ^[23] ("Indigenous" meaning those identifying themselves as being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin^[24])

[edit] New Zealand

In 2004, Maori made up just 15% of the total population but 49.5% of prisoners. Maori were entering prison at 8 times the rate of non-Maori.^[25]

[edit] References

1. ^ Greenfeld, Lawrence A. (February 1997). Sex Offenses and Offenders: An Analysis of Data on Rape and Sexual Assault. United States Department of Justice.
2. ^ United States Department of Justice document
3. ^ Bureau of Justice Statistics (2006-06-29). Homicide trends in the U.S.: Trends by race. United States Department of Justice.
4. ^ State University of New York - Binghamton
5. ^ Prison Racism
6. ^ Race and the Criminal Justice System
7. ^ Criminal Victimization in the United States, 2005 Statistical Tables. United States Department of Justice (2005).
8. ^ The Sydney Morning Herald
9. ^ The color of racism:: By Larry Elder
10. ^ Inter-Racial Crime: The Dirty Little Secret by John Perazzo
11. ^ Out of Control | The Cornell Daily Sun
12. ^ Critics say news media ignoring Knoxville couple slaying
13. ^ Duke lacrosse players 'innocent'
14. ^ Trevethan, Shelley; Rastin, Christopher J. (June 2004). A Profile of Visible Minority Offenders in the Federal Canadian Correctional System. Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada.
15. ^ Home Office (2006). Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System - 2005.
16. ^ Home Office, Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System - 2005, Section 95, Summary, p.VII
17. ^ MPS Response to Guns, Gangs and Knives in London. Metropolitan Police Authority (2007-05-03). Retrieved on 2007-07-01.
18. ^ Scotsman.com News - Almost 20 race-hate crimes a day in Scotland
19. ^ BBC NEWS | Scotland | Glasgow and West | Kriss attacked 'for being white'
20. ^ The hidden white victims of racism
21. ^ Home Office, Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System - 2005, Section 95, Summary, p.VIII
22. ^ People with a foreign background behind 45% of Swedish crime
23. ^ Prisoners in Australia, 2006. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006-12-14). Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
24. ^ Prisoners in Australia, 2006: Explanatory Notes. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006-12-14). Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
25. ^ New Zealand's Prison Population

Template:Reflist

[edit] See also

• Nature versus nurture
• Genetics and violence
• Race and Intelligence
• Racial profiling
• Sex and crime
• White flight

[edit] External links

• All Most Wanted - official website of THE LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT
• New York State's 100 Most Wanted Fugitives
• NYPD - Official New York City Police Department Web Site
• Metropolitan Police Service - Scotland Yard's Wanted
• Houston Police Department
• Quebec's 10 Most Wanted Criminals
• In London in 2006, 79% of the suspects of gun crime were black
• In London, the Metropolitan Police report that 62 percent of people arrested for robbery are black

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