March 12
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Events
- 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Roman general, Belisarius.
- 1918 - Moscow becomes the capital of Russia again after Saint-Petersburg held this status for 215 years.
- 1938 - Austria is united with Germany
- 1940 - Winter War: Finland signs the Moscow Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union, ceding almost all of Finnish Karelia. Finnish troops and remaining population are immediately evacuated.
- 1947 - The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism.
- 1968 - Mauritius achieves independence.
- 1999 - Former Warsaw Pact members the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland join NATO.
Births
- 1781 - Frederica of Baden, Queen of Sweden (d. 1826)
- 1821 - Sir John Abbott, third Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1893)
- 1863 - Gabriele d'Annunzio, Italian writer and politician. (d. 1938)
- 1881 - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, first President of Turkey (d. 1938)
- 1883 - Zoltán Meskó, Hungarian National Socialist (d. 1959)
- 1890 - William Dudley Pelley, American leader of the Silver Legion (d. 1965)
- 1947 - Mitt Romney, 70th Governor of Massachusetts
Deaths
- 1925 - Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary and politician (b. 1866)
- 1946 - Ferenc Szálasi, Hungarian politician (executed)
- 1985 - Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (b. 1899)
