July 8
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Events
- 1099 - First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on.
- 1497 - Vasco da Gama sets sail on first direct European voyage to India.
- 1663 - Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal Charter to Rhode Island.
- 1776 - The Liberty Bell is rung to summon the people of Philadelphia for the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence.
- 1859 – King Charles XV/Carl IV accedes to the throne of Sweden-Norway.
- 1889 - The Wall Street Journal is founded
- 1960 – Francis Gary Powers is charged with espionage resulting from his flight over the Soviet Union.
- 1997 - NATO invites the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to join the alliance in 1999.
Births
- 1836 - Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (d. 1914)
- 1838 - Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, German inventor (d. 1917)
- 1839 - John D. Rockefeller, American businessman (d. 1937)
- 1907 - George W. Romney, American businessman and politician (d. 1995)
- 1908 - Nelson A. Rockefeller, 41st Vice President of the United States (d. 1979)
- 1958 - Tzipi Livni, Israeli politician
Deaths
- 1967 - Vivien Leigh, English actress (b. 1913)
- 1994 - Kim Il-sung, North Korean leader (b. 1912)
- 1999 - Pete Conrad, American astronaut (b. 1930)
