July 31
From Metapedia
[edit] Events
- 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
- 1588 - The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
- 1919 - German national assembly adopts the Weimar constitution (to come into force on August 14)
- 1932 - The NSDAP wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
- 1936 - The International Olympic Committee announces that the 1940 Summer Olympics will to be held in Tokyo. However, the games are given back to the IOC after the Second Sino-Japanese War breaks out, and are eventually cancelled altogether because of World War II.
- 1966 - A group of Black pastors publish a “Black Power Statement” in The New York Times starting Black liberation theology.
[edit] Births
- 1912 - Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel laureate (d. 2006)
- 1921 - Peter Benenson, British founder of Amnesty International (d. 2005)
- 1923 - Ahmet Ertegün, Turkish-born record company executive (d. 2006)
- 1943 - William Bennett, 3rd United States Secretary of Education
- 1956 - Deval Patrick, 71st Governor of Massachusetts
- 1965 - J. K. Rowling, British writer
[edit] Deaths
- 1556 - Ignatius Loyola, Spanish priest and founder of the Jesuits
- 1875 - Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808)
- 1886 - Franz Liszt, Hungarian composer (b. 1811)
- 1953 - Robert Taft, U.S. Senator from Ohio and Presidential candidate (b. 1889)
