July 19
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Events
- 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
- 1333 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill - The final battle of the war.
- 1588 - Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada sighted in the English Channel.
- 1692 - Salem Witch Trials: Five women are hanged for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts.
- 1799 - A group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers discover what is now know as The Rosetta Stone, enabling the translation of hieroglyphics for the first time.
- 1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
- 1979 - The Sandinista rebels overthrow the U.S.-backed government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
Births
- 1800 - Juan José Flores, military and first president of Ecuador (d. 1864)
- 1814 - Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
- 1860 - Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
- 1865 - Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
- 1874 - Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels, Austrian occultist (d. 1954)
- 1922 - George McGovern, American politician
- 1923 - William A. Rusher, American columnist
Deaths
- 1913 - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
- 2005 - John Tyndall, British National Front and British National Party politician (b. 1934)
