July 18
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Events
- 390 BC - Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.
- 64 - Great fire of Rome: a fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control. The Emperor Nero reportedly plays his lyre and sings while watching the blaze from a safe distance.
- 1870 - The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
- 1919 - The founding of the British nationalist society The Britons
- 1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
- 1936 - Start of the Spanish Civil War.
- 1937 - The German American Bund opens Camp Nordland in Andover, New Jersey.
- 1942 – World War II: the Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jet engines for the first time.
- 1994 – The Amia (Jewish Communal Center) bombings occurred in Buenos Aires killing 85 people (mostly Jewish) and injuring 300.
Births
- 1552 – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
- 1797 - Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher (d. 1879)
- 1811 - William Makepeace Thackeray, English novelist (d. 1863)
- 1887 - Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian National Socialist (d. 1945)
- 1909 – Andrei Gromyko, Soviet diplomat and President (d. 1989)
- 1918 - Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa.
- 1921 - John Glenn, American astronaut and politician
Deaths
- 1792 - John Paul Jones, American naval commander (b. 1747)
- 1817 - Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)
- 2005 – William Westmoreland, American military officer (b. 1914)
