July 12

Events

1191 - Saladin's garrison surrenders, ending the two-year siege of Acre. Conrad of Montferrat, who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and of the Third Crusade leaders Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Leopold V of Austria on the city's walls and towers.
1580 - Ostrog Bible, the first printed Bible in a Slavic language, is published.
1804 - Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies after being shot in a duel.
1806 - Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
1812 - War of 1812: The United States invades Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
1917 - The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona.
1943 - World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka - German and Soviet forces engage in largest tank engagement of all time.
2006 - 2006 Lebanon War: Israeli troops invade Lebanon

100 BC - Julius Caesar, Roman military and political leader (d. 44 BC) (born either July 12 or July 13)
1817 - Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (d. 1862)
1854 - George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932)
1864 - George Washington Carver, American botanist (d. 1943)
1868 - Stefan George, German poet (d. 1933)
1895 - Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
1934 - Van Cliburn, American pianist
1937 - Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France 1997-2002

1804 - Alexander Hamilton, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1755)
1849 - Dolley Madison, 4th First Lady Of The United States (b. 1768)
1935 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859)
1945 - Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
1949 - Douglas Hyde, first President of Ireland (b. 1860)
1996 - John Chancellor, American television journalist (b. 1927)