April 12

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Events

• 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
• 1204 - Constantinople fell to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
• 1606 - The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of Great Britain.
• 1633 – The formal inquest of Galileo Galilei by the Inquisition begins.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Fort Pillow massacre -- Confederate forces under General Nathan Bedford Forrest kill most of the African American soldiers who had surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
• 1917 - World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans.
• 1945 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies while in office; vice-president Harry S. Truman is sworn in as the 33rd President of the United States.
• 1961 – Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space in Vostok 3KA-2 (Vostok 1).
• 1968 – Nerve gas accident at Skull Valley, Utah.
• 1981 – The first launch of a Space Shuttle: Columbia launches on the STS-1 mission.

Births

• 1500 - Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (d. 1574)
• 1777 – Henry Clay, American statesman (d. 1852)
• 1940 - John Hagee, pastor and Christian Zionist
• 1947 – Tom Clancy, American author

Deaths

• 65 - Seneca the Younger, Roman philosopher, statesman and dramatist
• 238 - Gordian I, Roman Emperor (suicide)
• 238 - Gordian II, heir to the Roman Empire (killed in battle).
• 1945 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
• 1991 - Dead, Swedish musician (Mayhem) (b. 1969)